Everything about The War In South Ossetia totally explained
The
War in South Ossetia was fought as part of the
Georgian-Ossetian conflict from
1991 to
1992 between the
Georgian government forces and ethnic Georgian militias on one side, and
South Ossetian secessionists and
North Ossetian volunteers on the other, with sporadic involvement of the
Soviet/
Russian military units. The war ended through a Russian-brokered ceasefire that established a joint peacekeeping force and left South Ossetia divided between the rivaling authorities.
The War
On the night of
5 January 1991, Georgian forces entered
Tskhinvali. The
Ossetian militants responded by firing at Georgian schools and houses in the city, while Georgians attacked Ossetian villages. The fighting in Tskhinvali first resulted in a divided town – an Ossetian controlled western part and a Georgian controlled eastern part. Towards to the end of January, the Georgians withdrew to the hills around the city according to the Russian mediated ceasefire.
On
January 29 1991, the Speaker of the South Ossetian Supreme Soviet,
Torez Kulumbegov was invited on negotiations in
Tbilisi, but was immediately arrested and charged with
inciting ethnic hatred. His trial had been postponed several times before he was released in December
1991).
The most intense period of war was in March and April,
1991; after a period of relative calm in July and August, violence resumed in mid-September. Georgia imposed economic blockade on the rebel region: disconnected electricity supplies to
Tskhinvali, and blocked the road by which the city received food and other products. The Ossetians blockaded Georgian villages and several atrocities occurred on both sides. The fighting left hundreds of killed and wounded and created approximately 80,000 refugees on the both sides of the Georgian-
Russian border. Georgian forces sat in the hills around Tskhinvali, besieging the city, and other fighting took place around the city in the nearby villages and along the road to
North Ossetia.
In February
1992, the fighting escalated, with sporadic
Russian involvement. Georgian authorities claimed
Russian generals supplied the
Ossetian militias. Most independent observers agreed with that commanders of the Russian Interior Ministry Forces were actually involved in the conflict. Russian officials including the Chairman of the Russian Supreme Soviet,
Ruslan Khasbulatov and President
Boris Yeltsin made statements supporting the Ossetians.
In the face of inner instability following the military coup against President
Zviad Gamsakhurdia, Georgia agreed to the negotiations to avoid the confrontation with
Russia. On
24 June 1992, the Head of the State Council of Georgia,
Eduard Shevardnadze and Russian President
Boris Yeltsin met to discuss the question of South Ossetia. A cease-fire was agreed upon and on
14 July 1992, a peacekeeping operation began, consisting of a Joint Control Commission and joint
Russian – Georgian –
Ossetian (South and North Ossetian) military patrols.
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